StormAtlas (paraphrased)
Why can Kaladin Surgebind with any gem type but Jasnah and Shallan need specific types?
Brandon Sanderson (paraphrased)
A lot of that will be explained as the series comes along. It is really the difference between Soulcasting and the other forms of Surgebinding. It's more a quirk of Soulcasting than it is something that is different about about Kaladin. So you've kind of got it reversed a little bit though; Soulcasting has this additional restriction that the other ones don't.